The preliminary mineralogy and isotope examinations of the asteroid Itokawa particles collected by HAYABUSA asteroid sample return mission have been successful. However, the presence or absence of carbonaceous and/or organic compounds on the asteroid Itokawa is not clear, since they were below the detection limits of the analytical procedures conducted in the preliminary organic examinations. In this proposal, we aim to search for carbon compounds from the Itokawa particles and to understand their origin and evolution in the early solar system. Since it is expected that carbon in the Itokawa particles is present in a very small amount, if any, we develop a new analytical strategy combining the supersensitive techniques including a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). All the members in this proposed research have long-year experiences in the chemical analyses of submicron-sized extraterrestrial samples. If we are successful with this project, these data would provide the first ever look at the molecular characteristics and distributions of carbonaceous/organic matter in the asteroid.